端口转发

Lima 支持从客户机到主机的 localhost 端口自动转发。

端口转发类型

Lima 支持两种端口转发器：SSH 和 GRPC。

默认端口转发器如下表所示。

默认设置在 Lima v1.0 中曾经改为 GRPC，但由于稳定性原因在 v1.0.1 中回退到 SSH。 在 Lima v1.1 中默认设置再次改回 GRPC，因为稳定性问题已得到解决。

使用 SSH

SSH based port forwarding was previously the default mode.

要显式使用 SSH 转发，请使用以下命令

LIMA_SSH_PORT_FORWARDER=true limactl start

Advantages

• Outperforms GRPC when VSOCK is available

Caveats

• 不支持基于 UDP 的端口转发
• 在主机上生成子进程来运行 SSH 主服务器。

SSH over AF_VSOCK

If VM is VZ based and systemd is v256 or later (e.g. Ubuntu 24.10+), Lima uses AF_VSOCK for communication between host and guest. SSH based port forwarding is much faster when using AF_VSOCK compared to traditional virtual network based port forwarding.

To disable this feature, set LIMA_SSH_OVER_VSOCK to false:

export LIMA_SSH_OVER_VSOCK=false

Using GRPC

在此模型中，lima 使用现有的 GRPC 通信（主机 <-> 客户机）来隧道传输端口转发请求。 对于每个端口转发请求，会创建一个 GRPC 隧道并用于传输数据

要启用此功能，请将 LIMA_SSH_PORT_FORWARDER 设置为 false：

LIMA_SSH_PORT_FORWARDER=false limactl start

优势

• Supports both TCP and UDP based port forwarding
• Performs faster compared to SSH based forwarding, when VSOCK is not available
• No additional child process for port forwarding

Accessing ports by IP address

To access a guest’s ports by its IP address, connect the guest to the vzNAT or the lima:shared network.

The vzNAT network is extremely faster and easier to use, however, vzNAT is only available for VZ guests.

limactl start --network vzNAT
lima ip addr show lima0

See Config » Network » VMNet networks for the further information.

Benchmarks

上述基准测试详情是使用以下命令获得的

Host -> limactl start vz

VZ Guest -> iperf3 -s

Host -> iperf3 -c 127.0.0.1 //Benchmark for TCP (average of "sender" and "receiver")
Host -> iperf3 -c 127.0.0.1 -R //Benchmark for TCP Reverse (same as above)

The benchmark result, especially the throughput of vzNAT, highly depends on the performance of the hardware.